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Web-caps (Cortinarius s.lato):

Recent taxonomic advances have made old keys obsolete, while new keys still need a lot of testing and development to be truly trustworthy. Hence identification to species level is often difficult, with final ID requiring molecular data.

  1. Gallone, B., Kuyper, T.W. & Nuytinck, J. 2024. The genus Cortinarius should not (yet) be split. – bioRxiv, 2024-05.
  2. Kibby, G. & Tortelli, M. 2022. The Genus Cortinarius in Britain
  3. Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Dima, B., Kytövuori, I., Ammirati, J.F. & Frøslev, T.G. 2014. The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era. – Persoonia 33(1): 98-140.
  4. Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Dima, B., Ammirati, J.F., Kirk, P.M. & Kytövuori, I. 2020. Mission impossible completed: unlocking the nomenclature of the largest and most complicated subgenus of Cortinarius, Telamonia. – Fungal diversity 104: 291-331.
  5. Liimatainen, K., Kim, J.T., Pokorny, L., Kirk, P.M., Dentinger, B. & Niskanen, T. 2022. Taming the beast: a revised classification of Cortinariaceae based on genomic data. – Fungal Diversity 112: 89-170.
  6. Petersen, J.H., Frøslev, T.G. & Heilmann-Clausen, J. 2024. Slørhatte i Danmarks basidiesvampe (In Danish): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1duF5nhS3vHrE7UFQzgwTPK1uFKyT0nZy/view

Stipitate thelephoroids (Boletopsis, Hydnellum, Phellodon and Sarcodon):

Overall species identification in stipitate thelephoroids is rather easy based on morphological and ecological characters, if good material is available. However some species complexes remain to be resolved, and in these species separation is still unclear.

  1. Ainsworth, A. M., Parfitt, D., Rogers, H. J., & Boddy, L. (2010). Cryptic taxa within European species of Hydnellum and Phellodon revealed by combined molecular and morphological analysis. Fungal Ecology, 3, 65-80.
  2. Holec, J., & Kučera, T. (2018). Hydnoid fungi of the family Bankeraceae–their assemblages and vegetation ecology in Central Europe, Czech Republic. Fungal ecology, 32, 40-48.
  3. Larsson, K. H., Svantesson, S., Miscevic, D., Kõljalg, U., & Larsson, E. (2019). Reassessment of the generic limits for Hydnellum and Sarcodon (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys, 54, 31.
  4. Loizides, M., Ševčíková, H., Rossi, C., & Moreau, P. A. (2020). Taxonomic challenges posed by the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon highlighted by two interesting collections on the Atlantic coast of Spain. Myco-Liébana: 81–96.
  5. Nitare, J., Ainsworth, A. M., Larsson, E., Parfitt, D., Suz, L. M., Svantesson, S., & Larsson, K. H. (2021). Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens. Fungal Systematics and Evolution, 7(1), 233-254.
  6. Parfitt, D., Ainsworth, A. M., Simpson, D., Rogers, H. J., & Boddy, L. (2007). Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon. Mycological research, 111, 761-777.
  7. Petersen, J.H. & Læssøe, T. 2024. Key to thelephoralean, stipitate hydnoid fungi (http://www.mycokey.com/keys/FunDiveStipitateThelephoraceae.pdf)
  8. Song, C. G., Chen, Y. Y., Liu, S., Xu, T. M., He, X. L., Wang, D., & Cui, B. K. (2022). A phylogenetic and taxonomic study on Phellodon (Bankeraceae, Thelephorales) from China. Journal of Fungi, 8, 429.

Tricholoma:

  1. Overall species identification in Tricholoma is rather easy based on morphological and ecological characters, if good material is available. However some species complexes remain to be resolved, and in these species separation is still unclear.
  2. Christensen, M., & Heilmann-Clausen, J. (2013). The genus Tricholoma. Fungi of Northern Europe vol 4, Svampetryk (http://www.mycokey.com/Downloads/TheGenusTricholoma.pdf)
  3. Heilmann-Clausen, J., Christensen, M., Frøslev, T. G., & Kjøller, R. (2017). Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia 38, 38-57.